丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷用于脑梗死恢复期的临床观察

目的：探析脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗对改善神经功能的效果。方法：选取2017年5月至2019年11月马鞍山十七冶医院收治的脑梗死恢复期患者66例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组，每组33例。对照组采取氢氯吡格雷口服治疗，观察组采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服治疗，比较2组患者治疗有效率、神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）、日常生活能力评分（ADL）、运动功能、不良反应发生率、洼田饮水试验等指标。结果：与对照组比较，观察组治疗有效率明显较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与对照组比较，观察组的NIHSS评分较低，ADL评分较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组用药后洼田饮水试验分级比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗能够提升治疗效果、改善神经功能，安全性高，可加快患者康复速度。     

妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹25例临床分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹的临床特征、治疗及预后。方法 收集2011年1月至2020年12月郑州大学第一附属医院住院治疗的妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹患者的临床资料，回顾分析临床特征、治疗及预后情况。结果 纳入25例，其中妊娠期22例（孕10 ~ 38周，孕早期1例、孕中期13例、孕晚期8例），产后1周内3例；年龄22 ~ 37岁，病程2 ~ 9 d。临床表现：皮疹位于头面部8例，胸背部5例，腰腹部7例，上肢1例，下肢3例，会阴1例，3例为播散性带状疱疹。皮疹形态均为红斑、丘疱疹、水疱，其中4例合并血疱，3例合并大疱，6例合并糜烂、渗出；5例发热，7例轻度、6例中度、11例重度疼痛。治疗：16例妊娠期、3例产后患者进行抗病毒治疗（口服或静脉滴注阿昔洛韦、单磷酸阿糖腺苷、膦甲酸钠氯化钠注射液），24例应用营养神经药物，1例妊娠期患者、3例产妇进行镇痛治疗，其他治疗包括抗感染、湿敷、红光照射等。预后：1例妊娠期患者早产，其余妊娠期患者均足月生产，新生儿无异常。3例妊娠期患者出现后遗症，1例为疼痛，2例为瘙痒。结论 本文25例妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹的治疗未观察到对胎儿、新生儿有明显影响。     

沙参麦冬汤加减对阴虚肺热证肺炎支原体肺炎恢复期患者免疫炎症反应的影响

目的:观察沙参麦冬汤加减对肺炎支原体肺炎恢复期患者阴虚肺热证的疗效及对免疫炎症反应的调节作用。方法:将148例患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各74例。研究期间对照组脱落、失访2例,剔除3例完成70例;观察组脱落、失访4例,完成71例。两组患者均口服阿奇霉素片,10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),连服3 d;和匹多莫德颗粒剂,0.4～0.8 g/次,2次/d;和氨溴特罗口服溶液,2.5～15 mL/次,2次/d。对照组口服养阴清肺口服液,5～10 mL/次,2～3次/d;观察组内服沙参麦冬汤加减,1剂/d。两组疗程均为7 d。进行治疗前后咳嗽症状评分和咳嗽视觉模拟评分(VAS);记录咳嗽、肺部湿啰音,咯痰消失时间和胸片复常时间;进行治疗前后阴虚肺热证评分和莱塞斯特咳嗽问卷(LCQ)评分;检测治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+和CD4+/CD8+)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6),IL~(-1)0,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),P物质(SP),降钙素原基因相关肽(CGRP)水平;进行治疗后安全性评价。结果:观察组疾病疗效总有效为95.77%(68/71),优于对照组的82.86%(58/70)(χ2=6.186,P0.05);观察组患者咳嗽症状积分和VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者LCQ量表各维度评分和LCQ总分均高于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者咳嗽、肺部湿啰音、咯痰消失时间及胸片复常时间均短于对照组(P0.01);观察组CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+均高于对照组(P0.01),CD8+低于对照组(P0.01);观察组血清IL-6,IL~(-1)0,TNF-α水平和痰液中SP和CGRP水均低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:在西医常规治疗的基础上,采用沙参麦冬汤加减内服治疗MPP恢复期阴虚肺热证患者,可减轻咳嗽程度,缩短病程,改善了生活质量,提高了细胞免疫功能,减轻了炎性损伤,降低了咳嗽敏感性,有较好的临床疗效,且使用安全。     

硬膜外麻醉复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外腔阻滞复合全麻与肋间神经阻滞复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选取择期行开胸手术患者76例，随机分为两组，硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（E组） 、肋间神经阻滞复合全麻组（C组），每组38例。E组行硬膜外穿刺置管，术中0.2%罗哌卡因维持；C组行切口及上下肋间神经阻滞，两组全麻诱导及维持一致。采用术后恢复质量量表(quality of recovery QoR-40）对患者进行术前１天、术后３天恢复质量评分；采用视觉模拟评分法（Visual analogue scale VAS）对两组患者进行拔管后4h、8h、12h、24h 安静和活动后的VAS评分；同时记录首次下床活动时间及住院时间。结果 与C组相比，E组在术后３天QoR-40各项评分均高于C组（P<0.05）；E组静息和运动状态下术后各时间点VAS评分降低（P<0.05）；E组首次下床活动时间较早，住院时间较C组减少(P<0.05)。 结论 硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉用于开胸手术患者，不仅镇痛效果良好，还能明显提高术后早期恢复质量，缩短住院时间。     

The Association between Reasons for a Rapid Response Team Alert and Immediate Patient Management in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the value and efficacy of rapid response teams (RRTs) for different triggering events in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients.MethodsA retrospective review of all RRT events at a single, tertiary referral center from 2014 to 2016 was performed. Inclusion criteria were defined as patients >18 years old that underwent primary or revision THA. Information queried included demographics, primary reason for RRT, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), underlying etiology, whether any changes in management occurred, and whether the patient was uptriaged.ResultsIn total, 168 RRTs were called on 153 hip arthroplasty patients (mean age 65.2 ± 14.1 years; mean body mass index 32.3 ± 4.8, 66% female). Length of stay in RRT for primary and revision THA was 3.4 and 6.2 days, respectively. This was significantly longer than the length of stay for primary THA patients (2.4 days, P < .001) and revision THA patients (4.6 days, P = .005) that did not require an RRT. There were no mortalities. RRTs for hypotension/presyncope (11%) and for syncope (11%) resulted in significantly fewer changes in management (P < .01) than tachycardia (77%), hypoxia (57%), AMS (79%), and other (47%). RRTs for hypotension/presyncope (28%), syncope (15%), and hypoxia (30%) resulted in significantly fewer patients being uptriaged (P < .001) than tachycardia (81%). Hypotension/presyncope was found to be significantly more commonly due to volume depletion (67%) (P < .001) than other etiologies. Hypoxia was significantly more commonly due to atelectasis (57%) and opioids/oversedation (30.4%) (P = .037). AMS/delirium was also significantly more commonly caused by opioids/over-sedation (71%) (P < .001).ConclusionIn patients undergoing THA, RRTs for hypotension/presyncopal symptoms and syncope were significantly less likely to result in changes in management or uptriaging compared to tachycardia. The most common etiologies were potentially preventable, including volume depletion and opioid use.     

Outcomes Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Postpolio Syndrome: A Matched Cohort Analysis

BackgroundPatients with postpolio syndrome (PPS) may be afflicted by hip arthritis in either the paralytic or contralateral limb. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be considered in these patients. However, short-term and long-term outcomes following THA in PPS patients remain poorly characterized.MethodsThe PearlDiver MHip administrative database was queried for patients undergoing THA. Patients with a diagnosis of PPS were matched 1:4 with control patients on the basis of age, gender, and comorbidity burden. Incidence of postoperative adverse events and readmission in the 90 days following surgery and occurrence of revision arthroplasty in the five-year postoperative period were assessed between the two cohorts.ResultsIn total, 1,519 PPS patients were matched to 6,076 control patients without PPS. After controlling for patient demographics and comorbidities, PPS patients demonstrated higher 90-day odds of urinary tract infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, P = .016), pneumonia (OR = 2.07, P < .001), prosthetic dislocation (OR = 1.63, P = .018), and readmission (OR = 1.49, P = .002). Five years following surgery, 94.7% of the PPS cohort remained revision-free, compared to 96.7% of the control cohort (P = .001).ConclusionCompared to patients without PPS, patients with PPS demonstrated a higher incidence of urinary tract infection, pneumonia, prosthetic dislocation, and hospital readmission. In addition, five-year incidence of revision arthroplasty was significantly higher among the PPS cohort. In light of these increased risks, special considerations should be made in both preoperative planning and postoperative surveillance of PPS patients undergoing THA.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

早期皮肤接触对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响:前瞻性随机对照试验

目的探讨母婴早期皮肤接触(skin-to-skin contact,SSC)对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响。方法前瞻性选取2017年8月1日至12月31日在深圳市南山区妇幼保健院行择期足月剖宫产的产妇221例,随机分为早接触组和对照组。对照组产后常规护理;早接触组实施母婴早期SSC,即新生儿娩出后1 h内赤裸全身俯卧于母亲裸露的乳房之间,持续1~2 h。观察指标包括:(1)泌乳启动时间以及首次母乳喂养测量工具评分;(2)产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率、母乳喂养自我效能量表评分和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分。采用两独立样本t检验、χ2检验和二分类logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果最终210例产妇纳入分析,早接触组和对照组各105例。42 d随访时早接触组失访20例,对照组失访17例。与对照组比较,早接触组首次母乳喂养成功率[77.1%(81/105)与59.1%(62/105),χ2=7.913]、首次母乳喂养测量工具评分[(9.5±1.7)与(8.6±1.4)分,t=4.115]、泌乳启动时间≤24 h的比例[41.0%(43/105)与12.4%(13/105),χ2=23.205]、产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率[36.2%(38/105)与22.9%(24/105);76.5%(65/85)与60.2%(63/88);χ2值分别为4.486和5.261]以及产后72 h和42 d母乳喂养自我效能量表评分[(117.5±12.0)与(111.8±22.3)分;(124.3±11.6)与(113.1±19.0)分;t值分别为2.100和4.710]均提高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。但早接触组产后72 h和42 d的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分与对照组差异无统计学意义[(5.4±3.5)与(5.9±4.0)分,t=0.937,P=0.350;(7.0±3.7)与(8.1±4.0)分,t=0.905,P=0.058]。二分类logistic回归分析显示,早期SSC是产后42 d纯母乳喂养成功的保护因素(OR=2.359,95%CI:1.173~4.743,P=0.016)。结论早期SSC可以提高剖宫产产妇母乳喂养自信心,促进泌乳启动,提高首次母乳喂养的成功率和产褥期纯母乳喂养率,是一种值得推广的临床实践。